5. Lenin Befriends China W. Democracies don’t support Sun Yixian’s request for aid… turn to USSR Kuomintang (in south) allies with Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Lenin sends help to China What forms of help does Lenin send? Military advisers, equipment, Chinese soldiers go to Moscow for training
6. Nationalists and Communists Clash Nationalists and Communists fight against warlords together Soon Jiang turns against Communists
8. Jiang Jieshi AKA Chiang Kai-Shek Political and military leader of China Nationalist Party Ruled as a dictator Fears Communists goal of Socialist economy 1927 Communist Purges
9. Peasants Align Themselves with Communists Jiang’s government: promises democracy…but very corrupt Does not improve life of peasants Peasants turn to Communist Party
10. Mao’s Version of Communism? Lenin – got support from the workers in the cities Mao – support of the rural peasants in China
12. Guerilla Tactics? Retreat when enemy advances Harass when enemy encamps Attack when enemy hesitates Pursue when enemy retreats
13. What were the results of the Long March? 2/3 did not complete journey Turning point of Chinese Civil War: More Chinese people joined the Communists
14. The Long March 1933: Nationalists surrounded Communists; outnumber 6:1 1934: Communists fled 6,000 mile-long journey Lasts more than a year Starts out with 100,000; 10-30,000 reach NW China safely
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16. Japan’s Invasion Suspends the Civil War 1931: invade Manchuria 1937: all-out invasion of China What is the effect of Japan’s invasion on the Civil War? Civil War stops when Nationalists and Communists join forces against Japan
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18. Civil War in China U.S. supports Nationalists -- $2 billion in aid; army outnumbers Communists 3:1 Communists, however – public support & guerilla tactics
19. Reasons for the Communists’ Success Mao won support of peasants Mao won support of women Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics Many saw Nationalist government as corrupt Many felt that the Nationalists allowed foreigners to dominate China
20. People’s Republic of China October 1949: Nationalists flee 3. What aspect of the Communist approach do you think was most responsible for Mao’s victory?
24. “Great Leap Forward” 1958 Ambitious program to expand success of 1st Five Year Plan Larger collective farms (communes) Strict control of communes – huge communities
25. “Great Leap Forward”… or “Great Leap Backward?” Poor planning Inefficient industries Crop failures Discontinued in 1961 NOTE: YOUR PAPER SAYS 1861…fix it
26. What circumstances prevented Mao’s Great Leap Froward from bringing economic prosperity to China? Mao’s strict socialism Life in a commune Environmental problems
27. New Policies and Mao’s Response Territorial disputes; Soviet aid to China stops Mao reduces role of government Relaxes strict socialism until 1966
28. Cultural Revolution Red Guards: student-formed militia units Goal – establish society of peasants and workers in which all were equal Shut down colleges and schools Target anyone with privileges or resisted regime Thousands executed or died in jail
29. Cultural Revolution1966-1976 Chaos; factories and farm production threatened Red Guards dissolved Radical movement led to calls for modernization in China and a more moderate approach
30. How did this radical China become an ally of the United States? China began opening up door again in the 1970s Modernizing China – agriculture, industry, defense, and science / technology Eliminate many of Mao’s reforms (communes, etc.) China is still Communist
31. U.S. doesn’t approve of Communist regime in China…but open to them economically 2000: U.S. voted to normalize trade with China…best way to prompt change is through greater engagement Today…Google issues in China How did this radical China become an ally of the United States?
32. China Today Economy forecasted to be bigger than U.S. economy by 2016 China still has planned economy…but keeps opening up to further western influence Human rights discussion in China
33. One-Child Policy Introduced in 1978, implemented 1979 Family permitted to have one child Policy has developed – Fines for extra children, plus have to pay for education and health care Multiple births ARE allowed Implications: Male: Female = 117:100 (vs. average of 103:100) Infanticide, forced abortions, abandoning children Not implemented the same throughout China – some districts = more strict than others March 2011 – reconsidered, discuss possibility of 2 child policy?
